Kamore e hloekileng ke mofuta o khethehileng oa taolo ea tikoloho e ka laolang lintlha tse kang palo ea likaroloana, mongobo, mocheso le motlakase o tsitsitseng moeeng ho finyella litekanyetso tse khethehileng tsa bohloeki. Kamore e hloekileng e sebelisoa haholo liindastering tsa theknoloji e phahameng tse kang li-semiconductors, lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki, meriana, lifofane, sefofane le biomedicine.
1. Sebopeho sa kamore e hloekileng
Likamore tse hloekileng li kenyelletsa likamore tse hloekileng tsa indasteri le likamore tse hloekileng tsa baeloji. Likamore tse hloekileng li entsoe ka litsamaiso tse hloekileng tsa likamore, lisebelisoa tse hloekileng tsa phaposi, le litsamaiso tsa kabo ea bobeli.
Boemo ba bohloeki ba moea
Tekanyetso ea boemo ba ho arola boholo ba moeli oa mahloriso oa likaroloana tse kholo ho feta kapa tse lekanang le boholo ba karoloana bo nkoang ka yuniti ea moea sebakeng se hloekileng. Ka lapeng, likamore tse hloekileng lia lekoa le ho amoheloa libakeng tse se nang letho, tse tsitsitseng, le tse matla, ho latela "Tlhaloso ea Moqapi oa Kamore e Hloekileng" le "Kaho e Hloekileng ea Kamore le Litlhaloso tsa Kamohelo".
Melao ea mantlha ea bohloeki
Botsitso bo tsoelang pele ba bohloeki le taolo ea tšilafalo ke maemo a mantlha a ho lekola boleng ba phaposi e hloekileng. Tekanyetso e arotsoe ka mekhahlelo e mengata ho latela lintlha tse kang tikoloho ea sebaka le bohloeki. Tse sebelisoang hangata ke maemo a machabeng le maemo a indasteri ea lehae. Maemo a tikoloho a likamore tse hloekileng (libaka) a arotsoe ka sehlopha sa 100, 1,000, 10,000, le 100,000.
2. Hloekisa boemo ba kamore
Kamore e hloekileng ea sehlopha sa 100
Sebaka se batlang se se na lerole se nang le likaroloana tse nyane haholo moeeng. Thepa ea ka tlung e rarahane 'me basebetsi ba apara liaparo tse hloekileng tsa litsebi bakeng sa ts'ebetso.
Tekanyetso ea bohloeki: Palo ea likaroloana tsa lerōle tse nang le bophara bo boholo ho feta 0.5µm ka leoto la cubic ea moea ha ea lokela ho feta 100, 'me palo ea likaroloana tsa lerōle tse nang le bophara bo boholo ho feta 0.1µm ha e na ho feta 1000. Ho boetse ho boleloa hore palo e kholo ea likaroloana tsa lerōle tse lumelloang ka mithara ea cubic (≥0.50μsμs ≥0.50μsμs ≥0.50μsμ) e tlameha ho ba 0.
Sebaka sa ts'ebeliso: E sebelisoa haholo lits'ebetsong tsa tlhahiso e nang le litlhoko tse phahameng haholo tsa bohloeki, joalo ka lipotoloho tse kholo tse kopaneng, lisebelisoa tsa optical tse nepahetseng haholo le lits'ebetso tse ling tsa tlhahiso. Makala ana a hloka ho netefatsa hore lihlahisoa li hlahisoa sebakeng se se nang lerōle ho qoba tšusumetso ea likaroloana boleng ba sehlahisoa.
Kamore e hloekileng ea sehlopha sa 1,000
Ha ho bapisoa le kamore e hloekileng ea sehlopha sa 100, palo ea likaroloana tse moeeng e eketsehile, empa e ntse e le boemong bo tlaase. Sebopeho sa ka hare sea utloahala 'me thepa e behiloe ka mokhoa o hlophisehileng.
Tekanyetso ea bohloeki: Palo ea likaroloana tsa lerōle tse bophara bo fetang 0.5µm sebakeng se seng le se seng sa cubic leoto la moea ka phaposing e hloekileng ea sehlopha sa 1000 ha ea lokela ho feta 1000, 'me palo ea likaroloana tsa lerōle tse bophara bo fetang 0.1µm ha ea lokela ho feta 10,000. Tekanyetso ea kamore e hloekileng ea Sehlopha sa 10,000 ke hore palo e kholo ea likaroloana tsa lerōle tse lumelletsoeng ka mithara ea cubic (≥0.5μm) ke 350,000, 'me palo e kholo ea likaroloana tsa lerōle ≥5μm ke 2,000.
Sebaka sa ts'ebeliso: E sebetsa lits'ebetsong tse ling tse nang le litlhoko tsa bohloeki ba moea bo batlang bo le holimo, joalo ka mokhoa oa ho etsa lilense tsa optical le likaroloana tse nyane tsa elektroniki. Leha litlhoko tsa bohloeki mafapheng ana li se holimo ho feta tsa likamore tse hloekileng tsa sehlopha sa 100, bohloeki bo itseng ba moea bo ntse bo hloka ho bolokoa ho netefatsa boleng ba sehlahisoa.
Likamore tse hloekileng tsa sehlopha sa 10,000
Palo ea likaroloana tse moeeng e eketseha ho feta, empa e ntse e ka finyella litlhoko tsa mekhoa e meng e nang le litlhoko tsa bohloeki bo bohareng. Tikoloho ea ka tlung e hloekile ebile e makhethe, e na le mabone a loketseng le lisebelisoa tsa moea.
Tekanyetso ea bohloeki: Palo ea likaroloana tsa lerole tse bophara bo fetang 0.5µm sebakeng se seng le se seng sa cubic foot ea moea ha ea lokela ho feta likaroloana tse 10,000, 'me palo ea likaroloana tsa lerole tse bophara bo fetang 0.1µm ha ea lokela ho feta likaroloana tse 100,000. Ho boetse ho boleloa hore palo e kholo ea likaroloana tsa lerōle tse lumelletsoeng ka mithara ea cubic (≥0.5μm) ke 3,500,000, 'me palo e kholo ea likaroloana tsa lerōle ≥5μm ke 60,000.
Sebaka sa ts'ebeliso: E sebetsa lits'ebetsong tse ling tse nang le litlhoko tsa bohloeki ba moea o mahareng, joalo ka mekhoa ea tlhahiso ea meriana le lijo. Masimo ana a hloka ho boloka lintho tse fokolang tsa likokoana-hloko le bohloeki bo itseng ba moea ho netefatsa bohloeki, polokeho le botsitso ba sehlahisoa.
Kamore e hloekileng ea sehlopha sa 100,000
Palo ea likaroloana tse moeeng e batla e le khōlō, empa e ntse e ka laoloa ka har'a sebaka se amohelehang. Ho ka 'na ha e-ba le lisebelisoa tse ling tse thusang ka kamoreng ea ho boloka bohloeki ba moea, tse kang lihloekisi tsa moea, ba bokellang lerōle, joalo-joalo.
Tekanyetso ea bohloeki: Palo ea likaroloana tsa lerōle tse bophara bo fetang 0.5µm sebakeng se seng le se seng sa cubic foot ea moea ha ea lokela ho feta likaroloana tse 100,000, 'me palo ea likaroloana tsa lerole tse bophara bo fetang 0.1µm ha ea lokela ho feta likaroloana tse 1,000,000. Hape ho boleloa hore palo e kholo ea likaroloana tsa lerōle tse lumelletsoeng ka mithara ea li-cubic (≥0.5μm) ke 10,500,000, 'me palo e kholo ea likaroloana tsa lerōle ≥5μm ke 60,000.
Sebaka sa ts'ebeliso: E sebetsa lits'ebetsong tse ling tse nang le litlhoko tse batlang li le tlase tsa bohloeki ba moea, joalo ka litlolo, mekhoa e itseng ea tlhahiso ea lijo, joalo-joalo. Mabala ana a na le litlhoko tse batlang li le tlase bakeng sa bohloeki ba moea, empa a ntse a hloka ho boloka bohloeki bo itseng ho qoba tšusumetso ea likaroloana lihlahisoa.
3. Boholo ba 'maraka ba boenjiniere ba kamore e hloekileng Chaena
Hajoale, ho na le lik'hamphani tse 'maloa indastering ea liphaposi tse hloekileng tsa China tse tsoetseng pele theknolojing le tse nang le matla le boiphihlelo ba ho etsa merero e meholo, hape ho na le lik'hamphani tse ngata tse nyane. Likhamphani tse nyane ha li na bokhoni ba ho tsamaisa khoebo ea machabeng le merero e meholo ea maemo a holimo ea likamore tse hloekileng. Indasteri hajoale e fana ka sebaka sa tlholisano se nang le maemo a holimo 'marakeng oa boenjiniere ba likamore tse hloekileng tsa boemo bo holimo le 'maraka oa boemo bo tlase o batlang o qhalane oa boenjiniere ba likamore tse hloekileng.
Likamore tse hloekileng li sebelisoa haholo, 'me liindasteri tse fapaneng li na le litlhoko tse fapaneng bakeng sa limaraka tse hloekileng tsa likamore. Kaho ea likamore tse hloekileng e hloka ho kopanngoa le indasteri le mekhoa e khethehileng ea tlhahiso ea mong'a eona. Ka hona, mererong ea boenjiniere ea likamore tse hloekileng, lik'hamphani tse nang le theknoloji e etellang pele, matla a matla, ts'ebetso e tsotehang ea histori le setšoantšo se setle li na le bokhoni ba ho etsa merero e meholo liindastering tse fapaneng feela.
Ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-1990, ka tsoelo-pele e tsoelang pele ea 'maraka, indasteri eohle ea kamore e hloekileng e ntse e hōla butle-butle, theknoloji ea indasteri ea boenjiniere ea kamore e hloekileng e tsitsitse,' me 'maraka o kene nakong ea ho hōla. Nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea boenjiniere ea likamore tse hloekileng e ipapisitse le nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki, tlhahiso ea meriana le liindasteri tse ling. Ka phetisetso ea indasteri ea indasteri ea tlhaiso-leseling ea elektroniki, tlhoko ea likamore tse hloekileng linaheng tse tsoetseng pele tsa Europe le United States e tla fokotseha butle-butle, 'me 'maraka oa bona oa indasteri ea boenjiniere oa likamore tse hloekileng o tla tloha kholong ho ea tlase.
Ka ho teba ha phetisetso ea indasteri, nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea lisebelisoa tsa elektronike e ntse e eketseha ho tloha linaheng tse tsoetseng pele tsa Europe le United States ho ea Asia le linaheng tse tsoelang pele; ka nako e ts'oanang, ka ntlafatso e tsoelang pele ea boemo ba moruo ba linaha tse ntseng li hlaha, litlhoko tsa bophelo bo botle ba bongaka le polokeho ea lijo li eketsehile, 'me 'maraka oa lefats'e oa boenjiniere oa likamore tse hloekileng o tsoetse pele ho ea Asia. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, liindasteri tsa IC semiconductor, optoelectronics, le photovoltaic indastering ea lisebelisoa tsa elektronike li thehile sehlopha se seholo sa indasteri Asia, haholo-holo Chaena.
E tsamaisoa ke lisebelisoa tsa elektronike tse tlaase, meriana, phekolo ea meriana, lijo le liindasteri tse ling, karolo ea 'maraka oa boenjiniere ba kamore e hloekileng ea Chaena' marakeng oa lefatše e eketsehile ho tloha 19.2% ka 2010 ho ea ho 29.3% ka 2018. Hona joale, 'maraka oa boenjiniere oa likamore o hloekileng oa Chaena o ntse o tsoela pele ka potlako. Ka 2017, tekanyo ea 'maraka oa likamore tse hloekileng tsa Chaena e ile ea feta li-yuan tse limilione tse likete tse 100 ka lekhetlo la pele; ka 2019, tekanyo ea 'maraka oa likamore tse hloekileng tsa China e fihlile ho li-yuan tse limilione tse likete tse 165.51. Sekala sa naha ea heso sa 'maraka oa boenjiniere ba likamore tse hloekileng se bontšitse keketseho e lekanang selemo le selemo, eo ha e le hantle e hokahanngoang le lefats'e, 'me karolo ea kakaretso ea 'maraka oa lefats'e e bontšitse mokhoa o ntseng o eketseha selemo le selemo, e leng se amanang le ntlafatso e kholo ea matla a naha a China a pharaletseng selemo le selemo.
"Tlhaloso ea Morero oa Lilemo tse Hlano tsa 14 bakeng sa Nts'etsopele ea Naha ea Moruo le Sechaba ea Rephabliki ea Batho ba Chaena le Lipheo tsa Nako e telele tsa 2035" e shebane ka ho hlaka liindasteri tse ntseng li tsoela pele tse kang theknoloji ea tlhahiso-leseling ea moloko o mocha, biotechnology, matla a macha, lisebelisoa tse ncha, lisebelisoa tsa maemo a holimo, likoloi tse ncha tsa matla, ts'ireletso ea tikoloho e tala, lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa tsa sefofane, jj. mahlale a mantlha, 'me e potlakisa nts'etsopele ea liindasteri tse kang biomedicine, tlhahiso ea likokoana-hloko, biomaterials, le bioenergy. Nakong e tlang, nts'etsopele e potlakileng ea liindasteri tsa theknoloji e holimo e tla tsoela pele ho tsamaisa kholo e potlakileng ea 'maraka oa likamore tse hloekileng. Ho hakanngoa hore tekanyo ea 'maraka oa likamore tse hloekileng tsa China e lebelletsoe ho fihla ho li-yuan tse limilione tse likete tse 358.65 ka 2026,' me e tla fihlela sekhahla se phahameng sa kholo ea 15.01% ka sekhahla sa kholo ea selemo le selemo ho tloha 2016 ho isa 2026.
Nako ea poso: Feb-24-2025